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- THE WEEK, Page 23HEALTH & SCIENCEThe Case for Thalidomide
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- A drug that causes massive birth defects can save lives as well
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- Nearly 30 years after the drug Thalidomide was yanked from
- the consumer market, the mere mention of it can still evoke
- shudders of horror from those who came to know of its side
- effects. Marketed as a tranquilizer, thalidomide turned out to
- be one of the most potent causes of birth defects ever found.
- Babies born to women who took it during early pregnancy were
- born with terrible deformities, including missing or seriously
- misshapen limbs.
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- But now the long-feared drug has also become a source of
- hope. Doctors have known for years that thalidomide is among the
- most effective treatments for leprosy. And last week a research
- team from Johns Hopkins reported in the New England Journal of
- Medicine that the drug can also improve the survival rate of
- patients who get bone-marrow transplants, which are used to
- treat potentially fatal disorders including aplastic anemia and
- some blood cancers.
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- The most common complication of such transplants, though,
- is graft-vs.-host disease (GVHD), a potentially fatal reaction
- in which the foreign tissue tries to reject its new body
- (rather than the other way around). Researchers have found that
- thalidomide seems to keep that reaction in check. Compared with
- other treatments for GVHD, the drug is relatively benign -- as
- long as the patient is absolutely certain she's not pregnant.
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